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rich bruton (a decent exposure.com) Premium Fotki Member

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Monday, October 6, 2008
2:55 PM

Ten Foot Gator asks about Tonal Control

Rich, I haven't pestered you in a while but I have an urgent request. I have somewhat backed into the senior picture market at my kids school. I've started using your gray card tutorial and have started metering with a gray card. I am getting great skin and hair detail but blowing out my colors on shirts, etc. if I'm shooting in fairly bright conditions. I get out of the sun when I can but that's not always possible. My question....how to resolve that...maintain some balance between skin tones and lighter colored clothing so you don't sacrifice one for the other. Would you bracket exposures toward under exposing once your meter readings have been set? Any help would be appreciated! Thanks, Jeff

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  • rich bruton (a decent exposure.com) Premium user United States wrote: Monday, October 6, 2008 3:18 PM

    Jeff ... this is a classic problem and has many potential variables to consider when addressing it.

    The baseline to getting the best exposure possible is to begin with two foundation procedures:

    1) Meter your light
    If you are shooting in ambient/constant light, using a grey card is an easy and inexpensive way to accomplish this. The tutorial you referred to is a great technique to use, especially if you are shooting a production line with a static set (i.e. camera and subject at same position for each shot, and lighting remains constant). The grey card eliminates the variables of clothing color and skin tone color which can throw off the camera's internal meter readings.

    Just for anyone else reading this, the grey card tutorial can be found here:
    http://public.fotki.com/RichBruton/welcome_center/tools-of-the-trade/greycard.html

    2) Set your white balance
    A custom white balance is always best because it yields an accurate color range for optimal reproduction. If you use "Auto W/B" and the color temperature of the ambient light is, say, warm (red/yellow), and your subject has a red shirt, you may blow out the red channel quicker than if you had custom set your white balance to compensate for a weighted red spectrum in your ambient light.

    Assuming your camera allows for custom white balancing, there are several ways to set it. One very cool and cheap trick is to make your own "expodisc".

    Get a UV Filter for your lens and add a white paper coffee filter cutout to cover the glass on the filter. Attach the filter to your lens and prepare your camera to set a custom white balance. With the paper-covered filter attached to your lens, aim the camera at the brightest source of ambient light in your set. Now activate your custom white balance sampling with your appropriate camera controls.

    Done. Now remove the filter and use this custom white balance sample to shoot .... you'll be amazed at the improvement.

    (you could, alternatively, just buy an expodisc and be done with it. I have one ... they're great)
    http://www.adorama.com/EXWH77.html

    Another way to do white balance is to shoot a reference calibration card in your set at the beginning of your shoot. The reference calibration card should have pure black, pure white, and 18% neutral grey.

    Later, in post process, you can use the eye dropper tools in Photoshop (or the batch editor of your choice) to sample these 3 reference standards ... and you can make a custom adjustment curve based on these samples. You then save this custom curve and apply it to each photo during your batch processing.

    There are other ways, of course, to set a custom balance for your session ... just pick a method you like and USE IT. This will assure you have a standardized foundation each time you shoot.

    OK ... so assuming you have done both of these procedures and are now ready to shoot, I will offer a few thoughts below on how to better control your results and get the skintones PLUS great color with every shot :-)

    Reply

    • rich bruton (a decent exposure.com) Premium user United States wrote: Monday, October 6, 2008 3:53 PM

      OK ... so you have metered and set appropriate exposure values. You have set a custom white balance. Now what?

      Well, the answer is tonal control.

      Your camera's sensor has a maximum dynamic range it can capture without blowing out. The range is the span, measured in f/stops, between the darkest areas and the brightest areas of your composition. This is known as your tonal range.

      The short answer is that you need to compress this range as much as possible to assure you do not lose detail or richness in your reproduction. The target I go for is no more than 3-4 stops between the darkest areas and the brightest areas of my composition.

      DO NOT CONFUSE THIS WITH DARKEST VS LIGHTEST COLORS. You can have the WHITE part of someone's eyes (white is the lightest color) relatively poorly lit, and therefore it's NOT the brightest part of the composition. Perhaps the subjects dark brown hair has direct sun hitting it, and so IT becomes the brightest point in the photo. Yes !! ... dark brown hair can be illuminated BRIGHTER than the white in the subject's eyes, even tho brown is darker in color than white.

      So this is the point entirely ...

      By compressing the range of illumination to be within a desirable standard, you will be able to set an exposure in the middle which yields vivid color and delicate detail for both the shadows and hilights of your composition.

      So that's the theory ... now how do we accomplish this?

      Well, you either have to brighten up (fill light) the darkest shadows, or you have to scrim (attentuate/soften) the hottest areas of your composition .... or both.

      Your histogram will reveal when you have achieved an ideal tonal range of lighting. You won't have spikes in either the shadows OR the hilights of the histogram.

      The narrower you can compress that tonal range -- by illuminating (fill lighting) the shadows and scrimming (softening) the hot spots, the better your skin tones and colors will look.

      It's that simple .... well, in theory anyway :-)

      Hope that helps !!

      Rich



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